COMPARISON OF WARM WATER FOOT HYDROTHERAPY WITH AND WITHOUT EPSOM SALT ON LOWER EXTREMITY EDEMA AMONG THIRD-TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29082/IJNMS/2026/Vol10/Iss2/826Keywords:
Pregnancy, edema, epsom salt, Hydrotherapy, Third TrimesterAbstract
Lower extremity edema is a common discomfort experienced by third-trimester pregnant women due to physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt in reducing lower extremity edema among third-trimester pregnant women in Weru District, Cirebon Regency.
This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design involving 30 third-trimester pregnant women selected using purposive sampling. Respondents were divided into an intervention group receiving foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt and a control group receiving warm water foot hydrotherapy only. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U Test.
The results showed significant reductions in edema scores in the Epsom salt group (p = 0.001) and warm water group (p = 0.008). The Mann-Whitney U Test also demonstrated a significant difference between groups (p = 0.001), indicating that foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt was more effective than warm water hydrotherapy alone in reducing lower extremity edema.
Foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt may be recommended as a simple, safe, affordable, and non-pharmacological complementary intervention for reducing edema among third-trimester pregnant women.
Downloads
References
Arisman, Y., Elvi Era Liesmayani, Zulianti, P., & Desika Wali Pardede. (2024). The Effect Of Giving Warm Water Immersion Therapy For Oedema Of The Legs Of Pregnant Women Third Trimester At Pratama Clinic Cahaya Lubuk Pakam. JURNAL KEBIDANAN KESTRA (JKK), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.35451/jkk.v7i1.2302
Biana, C. B., Cecagno, D., Porto, A. R., Cecagno, S., Marques, V. D. A., & Soares, M. C. (2021). Non-pharmacological therapies applied in pregnancy and labor: an integrative review. Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem, 55. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2019019703681
Chadwick, S. E. (2022). The use of leg elevation in the treatment of chronic peripheral oedema. British Journal of Community Nursing, 27. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2022.27.Sup10.S28
Dahlan, M. (2019). Besar Sampel dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel dalam Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Salemba Medika: Jakarta. Salemba Medika: Jakarta, L.
Fitria, M., & Sulastri, S. (2024). Efektivitas Penerapan Foot Massage dan Rendam Dengan Air Hangat Campuran Kencur Terhadap Edema Kaki Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester II dan III di Puskesmas Pondok Gede Kota Bekasi. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v6i6.11005
Harismayanti, H., Retni, A., & Damansyah, H. (2021). The Effect of Foot Soaking in Warm Water with Galangal Mixture on Edema Foot of Third Trimester Pregnant Women in Poli Obstetry and Gynecology Rsud Dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo. Journal of Community Health Provision, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.55885/jchp.v1i1.26
Herliana, H., Fitria, W. A., & Widyantari, K. Y. (2024). Case Study: Hydrotherapy Foot Soak with Warm Water and Galanga Rhizome for Managing Edema in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women. International Health Conference STIKes Panca Bhakti (IHCPB), 2(1).
Macwan, K. R., & Savaliya, P. K. (2021). Effectiveness of Foot Exercise and Epsom Salt Water on Reduction of Foot Oedema among Antenatal Mothers. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2021/47879.14922
Moini Jazani, A., Nasimi Doost Azgomi, H., Nasimi Doost Azgomi, A., & Nasimi Doost Azgomi, R. (2023). Effect of hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa therapy on blood pressure: a mini-review. In International Journal of Biometeorology (Vol. 67, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02512-5
Nuraliffa, M., Yulistanti, Y., Rahmawati, W. R., & Handayani, L. (2026). The Effect of Combined Foot Massage and Leg Elevation on Foot Edema in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 4(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v4i1.424
Patola, A., & Tridiyawati, F. (2022). The Effectiveness of Soaking the Feet in Salt Water to Reduce the Degree of Edema in Pregnant Women Trimester III. Jurnal Keperawatan Komprehensif (Comprehensive Nursing Journal), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.33755/jkk.v8i2.347
Polit, D. F. &, & Beck, C. T. (2018). Essentials of nursing research : Appraising evidence for nursing practice. In Wolters Kluwer.
Rita Aninora, N., Handayani, W., Citra, R. M., Barat, S., Raya Padang -Bukittinggi No, J., Alung, L., Lubuk Alung, K., & Padang Pariaman, K. (2023). Comparison of the effectiveness of aromatic ginger warm water bath with salt warm water against leg oedema of pregnant women in the third trimester. In Science Midwifery (Vol. 11, Issue 5).
Sawitry, S., Ulya, F. H., & Adepatiloy, E. J. (2020). Manfaat Rendaman Air Hangat dan Garam dalam Menurunkan Derajat Edema Kaki Ibu Hamil Trimester III. Jurnal SMART Kebidanan, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.34310/sjkb.v7i2.381
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode penelitian pendidikan, pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sartika, Sylvia Meristika Rachman, Noorlinda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with IJNMS agree to the following terms
- Authors retain copyright licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work non-commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Authors can archive pre-print and post-print or publisher's version/PDF.
How to Cite
_IJNMS.png)
