Relationship of Parenting to Personal Hygiene Independent of Pre School in Dharma Wanita Kindergarten, Jatirejo Mojokerto

Currently, many children of school age are lacking in hygiene themselves so as to facilitate the occurrence of diseases such as diarrhea or intestinal worms. This situation occurs because the child is not yet able to perform personal hygiene independently or still assisted by parents. The purpose of the research to know the relationship of parenting pattern with preschool children hygiene personal independent. Design of this research was analytic correlational with crossectional approach. Research variables were  parenting pattern as the independent variable and independent personal hygiene as the dependent variable. Population research was all of the parents who have children in kindergarten preschool age of Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto. Samples were taken with the technique of total sampling as much as 45 respondents. Data collected by questionnaire sheet and tested with a test of chi-square. The results showed that respondents from 16 to apply democratic parenting most of self-reliance, personal hygiene of children in independent category as much as 9 respondents (20.0%), of the 16 respondents who applied the authoritarian parenting there are no independent and children from parents who apply the permissive parenting most of the children belonged to independent as much as 5 respondents (11.1%). The chi-square test results obtained the value of Ï = 0, 006 and Î± = 0.05 so Ï Î± there is relationship < parenting parents against independent, personal hygiene for children. This shows the more appropriate parenting adopted parents will further improve the independent of the personal hygiene of preschool age children. Give a freedom to children do make children become easy to do some useful thingParenting adopted by parents in educating children will give impact on the child's independent and personality s for her future, but in the absence of parental control, in fact, will make children become unruly.   Key Words : Parenting, Personal Hygiene Independent, Preschool Children


INTRODUCTION
The future of the child will depend on the experience of the child, including the institutional factors and parental care. At present not a few parents are pursuing their interests under the pretext for the welfare of children, so sometimes their role as parents is to educate and care for neglected children (Habibi, 2007). Parenting is a picture of the attitudes and behaviors of parents with children in interacting and communicating during holding parenting activities. Appropriate parenting patterns will affect the level of independence of children in all areas, (Yunanda, 2012). Parenting is a picture of the attitudes and behaviors of parents with children in interacting and communicating during holding parenting activities. Appropriate parenting patterns will affect the level of independence of children in all areas, one of which is independent of the personal hygiene of children (Yunanda, 2012).
Health issues in preschool-age children are related to personal and environmental hygiene, such as good tooth brushing and correctness, handwashing habits with soap, and personal hygiene (Judarwanto, 2005). The phenomenon that occurs today many schoolage children are less in maintaining their hygiene, so this makes it easier for the disease due to lack of maintaining personal hygiene such as worms or diarrhea. This happens because the child is still not able to do personal hygiene independently or still assisted by parents.
The result of Rahimpour (2014) study on 400 junior high school students in Iranian shows the influence of parenting pattern to student's stubbornness and achievement with average result of permissive parenting pattern 35,37 and authoritarian parenting style 34,69 and democratic parenting average value 19,17. Based on result of Zubaidah research year 2014 about parenting toward self-reliance of personal hygiene of preschool age children at SLB Negeri 2 Yogyakarta with 46 respondents obtained mothers data apply different parenting pattern to their child between person old one with the other. Most of the mothers have adopted good parenting style as many as 33 people (71,7%), parenting with enough category of 12 people (26,1%), parenting category as many as one person (2,2%). The results showed that of 33 mothers who apply good category care as many as 34 children achieve independence in personal hygiene. 12 Mothers who adopted parenting with enough categories to their children produced 11 children who were quite independent in personal hygiene. There is one mother who apply the pattern of care with less productive category of children who are not independent in personal hygiene as much as one person.
Based on preliminary study conducted by researcher in January 2017, in TK Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto. It was on 10 students got data 5 students (50%) hair looks dirty, and dull, 3 (30%) students rarely wash hands after playing and they instantly took food, 2 students (20%) nails looked rarely cleaned and dirty, hair also looked dull. From the interview with the student guardian, five parents whose children looked active said that they used their children to do something commonly done by children such as learning to eat alone or dare to be in school without having to be accompanied. While five parents whose children lack good hygiene say they are very worried if letting their children are at school alone they are afraid if their children need, meraka no.
Independence should be trained from early childhood. When a child chooses to do a particular activity, the child has developed his own will, and his energy is directed towards doing something constructive in developing self-discipline and achieving his goals. According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the preschool age of 3-5 years is in the psychosocial development of Initiative vs. Guilt, where the child is ready to learn independently to achieve his goal. The problem is, at this stage if the child is not taught to be independent then the child will always depend on others and will not believe in his ability, resulting in obstacles or failures so that children experience guilt (guilt). This guilt that will be less good for the development of the child's personality. One of the factors influencing independence is parenting pattern (Sari, 2011). Baumrind in Ubaedy (2009) divides parenting patterns into three namely Authoritarian, Permissive, and Democratic. The impact of parenting style will differ on the independence of children. Through parenting, especially democratic, children are expected to develop their independence well. Baumrind's research shows that the pattern of democratic parenting strongly supports the development of autonomy in children, while the other two nurture styles are authoritarian and permissive parenting patterns that are negative towards self-reliance.
The child grows and develops in the social sphere; the family is the initial social sphere that lays the foundation for the development of the child's personality. Thus, parents have the largest portion to bring children to know the strengths and weaknesses of self to develop, including the development of independence. Independence in children starts with the family and is influenced by parental parenting. In the family, parents are instrumental in nurturing, guiding and helping to direct the child to become independent. Given the time of children and adolescents is an important time in the process of independence development, the understanding and opportunities that parents give to their children in improving their independence are crucial. Although the world of education (school) also plays a role in providing opportunities for children to be independent, the family remains the main pillar and first in shaping children to be independent (Warman, 2010).
Efforts that can be made in the development of child self-reliance is the active role of parents in creating a home environment as the first real environment experienced by children, where children are gradually able to escape from the dependence and absolute protection of their parents. Both parents can develop a sense of affection in a balanced way by giving children a chance to show affection (Kanisius, 2006). Solutions that can be done by researchers and mother teachers as a health educator by giving counseling about parenting to the independence of preschool children in kindergarten Tunas Harapan Village Miyono Sekar District Bojonegoro District. After getting counseling about parenting to the autonomy of personal hygiene of children hope parents increased and motivated to make changes parent foster parenting to the independence of children supported proper adoption of parenting, and parents also need to build closeness to children by way of communication which is logical (Jalaludin, 2009). Based on the explanation on the background, the researchers are interested in examining the Relationship Pattern Parent Parenting with Independence Personal Hygiene Preschool children in kindergarten Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto.

METHODS
The research design was correlational analytic with crossectional approach. The research variables were parenting as independent variable and independence of personal hygiene as the dependent variable. The study population was All parents who have children of preschool age in kindergarten Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto. Samples were taken with total sampling technique of 45 respondents. Questionnaire collected data and tested by chi-square test.  Source: primer data, 2017 Based on table4 showed that most respondents did not work or as housewives as much as 32 respondents (71.1%). Based on the above cross-tabulation showed that from 16 respondents who apply democratic parenting most self-reliance personal hygiene children in self-supporting category as many as 9 respondents (20%). from 12 respondents who apply authoritarian parenting system there are no independent children and for parents who apply pattern the permissive upbringing of most children was classified as independent by 5 respondents (11.1%).

Total of Children
Chi-square test results obtained values ρ = 0, 006 and α = 0.05 so that ρ <α then there is Relationship Pattern Parenting Parenting Against Self-Reliance personal hygiene Children in kindergarten Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto Year 2017.

Patterns of Parent Care in Kindergarten Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto Regency
Year 2017 The results of research conducted on 45 respondents showed almost half of the parent's respondents apply democratic and authoritarian parenting each of 16 respondents (35.6%). And a small number apply permissive parenting as many as 13 respondents (28.8%).
Patterns of family care such as parental attitudes, family habits, and family views will affect the formation of child self-reliance. Families who familiarize their children given the opportunity to become independent early on will foster independent in their children (Warman, 2009). Parenting can be influenced by educational factors, socioeconomic, personality and number of children (Suparyanto, 2012). Democratic parenting is a parenting pattern that prioritizes the interests of the child but does not hesitate to control them. Parents with this parenting are rational, always underlying their actions on rationale or thinking. This type of parent is also realistic about the child's abilities, not expecting too much beyond the child's abilities. Parents of this type also give the child the freedom to choose and perform an action, and his approach to the child is warm (Junaidi, 2010) According to the researchers, the right parenting pattern to be applied to parents who have children is a democratic parenting pattern because democratization and openness in the atmosphere of family life is an essential condition of the recognition of parents by children and the world of children by parents and life-sharing situations. Democratic parenting is indeed the most ideal for all children and children with autism, but it may sometimes be that parents do not fully apply this pattern of parenting, due to their limited circumstances. The child also needs to be given permissive and authoritative parenting style as well as when children play power lines either given authoritarian parenting for the safety of the child. So also need to provide permissive parenting to the child, if the child is playing a harmless or unobtrusive, sometimes the parents give permissive parenting.
The results of this study indicate that 16 respondents in this study can apply authoritarian parenting to children, there are no children who show an independent attitude. This is shown by parenting with strict rules that often force children to behave like their parents, the freedom to act on their behalf. The children are invited to communicate and exchange ideas with parents. The parents consider that all of their attitudes are correct so they do not need to be considered with the child. On the other hand, parents also experience excessive worries about the things that children do.
Based on maternal age factor shows table 4.2 shows that almost all respondents aged 20-35 years as many as 42 respondents (93.3%) Parents not only able to communicate facts, ideas and knowledge alone, but help develop the child's personality. This opinion refers to the Humanistic theory which focuses on education based on learners, meaning that children need attention in building the education system. If the child has shown symptoms that are not good, then they are not showing the true intention to learn. If these symptoms are allowed to continue to be a problem in achieving success in learning (Suparyanto, 2012). The respondents of this study showed that most of the respondents aged 20-35 years old so that they already have sufficient experience in the care of children, especially in providing appropriate care for children aged 4-5 years. Based on parents education factor obtained more data of half of the respondents have high education background of 23 respondents (51,1%). Education means guidance or help given deliberately to adult learners for him to mature. The background of parent education can affect the parental mindset both formal and nonformal and then also affect the aspirations or expectations of parents to their children (Suparyanto, 2012). According to Suparyanto (2012) states Education means guidance or help given deliberately against adult learners for him to mature. The background of parental education can affect the parental mindset both formal and nonformal and then also affect the aspirations or expectations of parents to their children. According to researchers the results of the study showed that most respondents have high school or secondary education background. With the background of secondary education, respondents can apply a good enough parenting pattern obtained based on information and insights that have been owned so that with the understanding of the respondents can apply good parenting patterns such as democratic parenting. The educational level also influences one's parenting. Parents who are democratic and have a view on equal rights between parents and children tend to have high personalities, in practice, the pattern of upbringing seems to read the article often or follow the progress of child development. With a high education, certainly has a high piker in applying democratic parenting to the child. The results of this study indicate that the education of a person affects the pattern of care done to the child where this happens because the understanding of each parent is not the same about how to apply the appropriate parenting for their children. Based on Table 4.4 shows that most respondents did not work or as housewives as much as 32 respondents (71.1%). The social environment is concerned with patterns of social or social relationships formed by parents and children with the surrounding environment. Children who are socially economically inferior tend not to continue their education to a higher level or even never know the education bench at all because constrained by the economic status (Suparyanto, 2012). According to researchers, the work owned by the parents of the respondents indicates that they are more unemployed so they have enough free time to improve information and insight about applying good parenting to the child so they can apply the insights they have in caring for their children.

Independent of Personal HygienePreschool Age children in Kindergarten Dharma Wanita Village Karang Jeruk Jatirejo Subdistrict Mojokerto
The result of research on personal hygiene that almost half of the preschool children in kindergarten Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto regency experience independent in the category of less independent as many as 19 respondents (42,2%). Independent is one of the most important aspects that every individual and child should have. Because in addition to affect its performance, also serves to help achieve its purpose in life, achievement, success and gain awards. Without being supported by the independent nature, individuals and children will find it difficult to achieve something maximally and it will be difficult for them to succeed (Yusuf, 2009). Meanwhile, according to Perry and Potter (2009), personal hygiene is an act to maintain cleanliness and health of a person for physical and psychological wellbeing. Low self-care is a condition where a person can not afford cleanliness for himself. According to this research, most of the respondent's children are included in the selfsupporting category. It happens because parents provide stimulation of children. So that children can perform personal hygiene activities independently such as parents give examples to the child how to clean the hair, give examples of caring and nail clippings so that with the provision of learning the child can perform personal hygiene actions that are easy to do their own independently such as bathing, washing hair.
3. Relationship Pattern Parenting against Self-Reliance Hygiene children Based on the above cross-tabulation shows that from 16 respondents who apply democratic parenting most self-reliance personal hygiene children in self-supporting category as many as 9 respondents (20%). from 12 respondents who apply authoritarian parenting system there are no independent children and for parents who apply pattern the permissive upbringing of most children was classified as independent by 5 respondents (11.1%). Chi-square test results obtained values ρ = 0, 006 and α = 0.05 so that ρ <α then there is  (2010), families with democratic parenting can be encountered in a balanced family characterized by the harmony of relationships (relations) between father and mother, a father with child, and mother with child. Parents are responsible and trustworthy, as well as coordinator and proactive. Through the example and encouragement of parents also every problem faced and attempted to be solved together. While independent is obtained cumulatively during development, where individuals will continue to learn to be independent in dealing with various environmental situations so that individuals will eventually be able to think and act on their own with independent(Tjandraningtyas, 2012). According to Joseph (2009) states, Every parent has a specification in educating. Some parents educate children authoritarian, there is democratic, where parents also accept the opinion of children. But there are also parents who are indifferent and ignorant of the opinion of each family member. Of the three parents in educating all have an impact on personality as well independent of children. Freeing the child does make it easier for children to do something useful for their children someday, but if without the control of parents will make the child becomes difficult to regulate. Permissive parents seldom prohibit the wishes of children, provide loose freedom in children, rarely prosecute and punish children, and lack the inculcation of discipline and values that deserve or not to be done. This is supported by the explanation that, parents with permissive parenting pattern usually parents have less nature encourage or train children to comply with the regulations. But in this study, some children are independent of parents apply permissive parenting. This happens because parents allow the child as they like today so that the child will try to do whatever it takes to fulfill their own needs to the extent of their ability such as to do personal hygiene independently.

CONCLUSION
Almost half of the parents of kindergarten Dharma Wanita Jatirejo of Mojokerto Regency Year 2017 apply democratic and authoritarian parenting as many as 16 respondents (35.6%) and permissive 13 respondents (28.8%) Almost half of the preschool children in TK Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Kabupaten Mojokerto experience independent in the category of less independent as many as 19 respondents (42,2%) and not autonomous counted 12 respondents (26,7%) There is a Relationship Pattern Parenting Parenting Against Independent Personal HygieneAnak in Kindergarten Dharma Wanita Jatirejo Mojokerto Year 2017 which means the pattern of democratic and authoritarian parenting to make children less independent in the independent of personal hygiene of children pre-school age.

For Parents
It is hoped that parents will increase their knowledge about care in children such as reading more books, watching television so that with more knowledge can apply proper parenting to children.

For Educational Institutions
It is expected that educational institutions will improve the quality of learning especially about parenting in children by holding parenting seminars so that the students can more easily understand the learning process.
For the Next Researcher It is hoped that the next researcher can do better study such as researching other variables that affect the parenting pattern, and so that the research result can be more optimal and can develop the science especially about the parenting pattern in the child.
For Health Institution It is expected that health workers, especially nurses in health facilities. It can provide health coaching and education about appropriate parenting in children in addition to activating public health cadres in order to